20 Different Types Of Metals And Their Properties

You know how metals and all those fancy manufacturing techniques played a massive role in kickstarting the industrial revolution, right? Well, that revolution totally changed the game and catapulted human civilization to a whole new level.

Thinking about how far we’ve come since then is wild. I mean, look around! We’ve got all types of metals everywhere you turn. They’re like the building blocks of our modern world.

What Is Metal?

Metals are substances that form naturally below the surface of the Earth. Most metals are lustrous or shiny. Metals are inorganic, which means they are made of substances that were never alive.

Metals are opaque, lustrous elements that are good conductors of heat and electricity. Most metals are malleable and ductile and are, in general, denser than other elemental substances.

Metal is very strong and durable and therefore is used to make many things. These are used for making automobiles, satellites, cooking utensils, etc.

Most metals are hard, but some are not. Sodium and potassium are such metals that can be cut by knife whereas mercury is a liquid metal at room temperature. Iron is solid in nature.

Out of all the elements in the periodic table, about 95 out of 118 are most likely metals. But, just to keep things interesting, the exact number can be a bit fuzzy because people haven’t agreed on the exact definition of what makes something a metal, non-metal, or semimetal.

It’s like they’re always debating about it or something. And get this, there are literally thousands of different types of metals out there! Each one is designed for specific jobs and purposes. It’s like they’ve got a metal for everything you can think of.

Types of Metals

Metals are basically two main groups: ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals. Ferrous metals are the ones that have iron in them, while non-ferrous metals don’t have any iron. It’s as simple as that!

These are the different types of Metals:

#1. IRON (Wrought or Cast).

Iron comprises almost 5% of the Earth. Therefore, it is an easy metal to find. However, pure metal is not a stable element, as it immediately reacts with the oxygen present in the air, creating iron oxide.

Taking iron from its ores requires the use of a blast furnace. The first stage of the blast furnace will yield pig iron, which can be refined further to obtain pure iron. This iron usually ends up in steel and other alloys. This is why almost 90% of manufactured metals are ferrous in nature.

Iron is the most used and cheapest metal. There are three types: pig iron, cast iron, and wrought iron.

• Pig iron: a crude form of iron, used as a raw material to produce various other ferrous metals, such as cast iron and steel.
• Cast iron: created by melting pig iron with coke and limestone. Cast iron tends to be brittle and is notoriously difficult to weld. However, it is an ideal engineering material with a wide range of applications, particularly in the automotive industry. This is due to its relatively low melting point, castability, excellent machinability, and resistance to both deformation and wear.
• Wrought iron: tough, ductile, and corrosion-resistant, wrought iron is a type of highly purified metal, with small amounts of silicate slag molded into the filaments. This means it is ideal for forging into products such as guard rails, gates, and garden furniture. However, mild steel (see below) has replaced wrought iron.

#2. STEEL.

Iron is made by removing oxygen and other impurities from iron ore. When iron is combined with carbon, recycled steel and small amounts of other elements it becomes steel.

Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon containing less than 2% carbon and 1% manganese and small amounts of silicon, phosphorus, sulphur and oxygen.

Steel is the world’s most important engineering and construction material. It is used in every aspect of our lives; in cars and construction products, refrigerators and washing machines, cargo ships and surgical scalpels.

Steel is not a single product. There are more than 3,500 different grades of steel with many different physical, chemical, and environmental properties. Steel can be formed in many ways. One of the most popular is heat treatment, where the metal is formed into different products using high-temperature kilns and ovens. You can find these ovens from suppliers like HeatTreatNow.

Approximately 75% of modern steels have been developed in the past 20 years. If the Eiffel Tower were to be rebuilt today, the engineers would only need one-third of the steel that was originally used.

Modern cars are built with new steels that are stronger but up to 35% lighter than in the past.

Steel is completely recyclable, possesses great durability, and, compared to other materials, requires relatively low amounts of energy to produce. Innovative lightweight steels (such as those used in in automobiles and buidlings) help to save energy and resources.

The steel industry has made immense efforts to limit environmental pollution in the last decades. Producing one tonne of steel today requires just 40% of the energy it did in 1960. Dust emissions have been reduced by even more.

There are a lot of different kinds of steel. Here’s an overview of the main types:

#3. CARBON STEEL.

Carbon steel is a type of steel that contains carbon as the main alloying element, with other elements present in smaller amounts. This metal is commonly used in the manufacturing of many products and structures due to its high strength and low cost.

Carbon steel can be further classified into various grades based on its chemical composition and mechanical properties, such as low carbon steel (mild steel), medium carbon steel, high carbon steel and ultra high carbon steel.

Each grade has its own specific uses and applications, depending on the desired properties of the final product.

Medium to high carbon steel is commonly used to make machinery components, such as gears, crankshafts and shafts. Its high strength, and particularly high hardness make it an ideal choice for a wide range of tooling applications.

Carbon steel is most commonly used as a construction material, in simple mechanical components, and various tools.

#4. ALLOY STEEL.

Alloy steel is an iron-based material, which, in addition to carbon, contains one or more intentionally added elements.

The alloying elements are added to the steel to improve one or more of its physical and/or mechanical properties, such as: hardness, strength, toughness, high-temperature performance, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance.

These elements typically comprise 1-50 wt% of the metal’s composition. There are many ways to group alloy steels.

They can be grouped by their major alloying elements (e.g., stainless steels contain considerable amounts of chromium), or by the percentage of all alloying elements that the steel contains (e.g., high-alloys steel typically contains more than 8 % alloying elements, while low-alloy steel has less than 8 %).

#5. STAINLESS STEEL.

Stainless steel is primarily made from medium and low-carbon steel. They are alloyed with a range of metals to alter the resulting properties. For example, chromium and nickel lend corrosion resistance and hardness.

Other metals enhance malleability, toughness, ductility, tensile and shear strength, and other properties. Stainless steels are generally high strength, with some examples being among the highest tensile and yield strengths of all metals.

They are also generally corrosion-resistant, with exceptional performance in particular environments according to grade/alloy type. Additionally, stainless steels are capable of high- and low-temperature performance, from cryogenic temperatures to 2,000 °C, depending on grade.

Depending on the definition, there are at least 60 and possibly over 100 distinct grades of stainless steel that continue to be developed for general and specific purposes. The study of stainless steel is among the most active areas in metallurgical research.

These grades are covered by various national and international standards which are progressively becoming unified and generally define close or identical alloys/properties.

More Resources: What is Stainless Steel?

#6. ALUMINUM.

Aluminum derives primarily from its ore bauxite. It is light, strong, and functional. It is the most widespread metal on Earth and its use has permeated applications everywhere.

This is because of its properties such as durability, lightweight, corrosion resistance, electrical conductivity, and ability to form alloys with most metals. It also doesn’t magnetize and is easy to machine.

As far as metals go, this is a modern one. Aluminum was first made in 1825, and since then it’s been the foundation for some massive accomplishments.

Read more: Who Discover The Aluminum?

For example, because of its amazing strength-to-weight ratio, this is the metal that’s largely responsible for flight and getting a man to the moon. It’s easily formed (malleable), and it doesn’t rust, which makes it great for soda cans. And, (arguably) most importantly, it can be made into a really thin sheet that can be used to BBQ fresh-caught fish to moist perfection.

While the process for making aluminum is a bit more complicated than some of the other metals, it’s an extremely common metal. It’s the most common non-ferrous (not containing iron) metal on the planet.

While it doesn’t rust, it will oxidize. Iron is the only metal that “rusts” by definition. Aluminum will corrode when it comes in contact with salt. However, it will not corrode in contact with water. This makes aluminum useful for making things like freshwater boats.

#7. MAGNESIUM.

Magnesium is a really cool metal. It’s about 2/3rds the weight of aluminum, and it has comparable strength. It’s becoming more and more common because of this. Most commonly, you’ll see this as an alloy.

That means that it’s mixed with other metals and elements to make a hybrid material with specific properties. This can also make it easier to use for manufacturing processes.

One of the most popular applications of magnesium is in the automotive industry. Magnesium is considered a step up from aluminum when it comes to high-strength weight reduction, and it’s not astronomically more expensive.

Some places where you’ll see magnesium on a performance car are in the wheel rims, engine blocks, and transmission cases.

There are disadvantages to magnesium, though. Compared to aluminum, it will corrode more easily. For example, it will corrode when in contact with water, whereas aluminum will not.

Overall, it’s about double the price of aluminum, but it’s generally faster to deal with in manufacturing. Magnesium is flammable, and it burns super-hot. Metal chips, filings, and powder need to be carefully disposed of to prevent explosions.

#8. COPPER.

When talking about different types of metals, copper and its alloys cannot be overlooked. It has a long history because it is easy to form. Even today, it is an important metal in the industry. It does not occur in nature in its pure form. Thus, smelting and extracting from ore is necessary.

Metals are good conductors and copper stands out more than the others. Due to its excellent electrical conductivity, it finds application in electrical circuits as a conductor.

Its conductivity is second only to silver. It has also excellent heat conductivity. This is why many cooking utensils are from copper.

Copper is another old-fashioned metal. Today you’ll see it often as an alloy (more on that later) or in a reasonably pure state. Common applications include electronics, water pipes, and giant statues that represent liberty.

Copper will form a patina or an oxidized layer, that will prevent further corrosion. Essentially, it’ll turn green and stop corroding. This can make it last for centuries.

The Statue of Liberty is made of copper, and it’s covered by a patina, or oxide layer, that makes it look greenish-blue.

#9. BRASS.

Brass is actually an alloy of copper and zinc. The resulting yellow metal is really useful for a number of reasons. Its goldish color makes it really popular for decorations. It’s common to see this metal used in antique furniture as handles and knobs.

The amount of each of the metals may vary depending on the electrical and mechanical properties sought of the metal. It also contains trace amounts of other metallic elements such as aluminum, lead, and manganese.

Brass is a great candidate for low-friction applications such as locks, bearings, plumbing, musical instruments, tools, and fittings. It is indispensable in intrinsically safe applications to prevent sparks and allow usage in flammable environments.

It’s also extremely malleable, meaning that it can be hammered out and formed. Another really cool property of brass is that it will never spark. A steel hammer, for example, can make a spark if you hit it a certain way.

A brass hammer doesn’t do that. This means that brass tools are great for areas that might be around flammable gases, liquids, or powders.

#10. BRONZE.

Bronze is also an alloy of copper. But instead of zinc, bronze contains tin. Adding other elements such as phosphorus, manganese, silicon, and aluminum may improve its properties and suitability for a particular application.

Bronze is brittle, hard, and resists fatigue well. It also has good electrical and thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance.

Bronze finds application in the manufacturing of mirrors and reflectors. It is used for electrical connectors. Due to its corrosion resistance, it finds usage in submerged parts and ship fittings.

Bronze has massive historical significance (like in the Bronze Age) and is easy to pick out. One commonplace to see it is in massive church bells. Bronze is tough and strong, so it doesn’t crack or bend like other metals when it’s being rung. It also sounds better.

Modern uses include sculptures and art, springs, and bearings, as well as guitar strings. Bronze was the first man-made alloy.

#11. ZINC.

Zinc is a widespread metal and finds a lot of use in the medical and industrial sectors. Zinc is a really common metal that’s used in coatings to protect other metals. For example, it’s common to see galvanized steel, which is just steel dipped in zinc.

This will help to prevent rusting. Zinc is also used to manufacture die castings for the electrical, hardware, and automobile industry.

Since zinc has low electrochemical potential, its uses include marine applications to prevent corrosion of other metals through cathodic protection. Sacrificial zinc anodes may protect valves, pipelines, and tanks.

This is an interesting metal because of how useful it is. On its own, it has a pretty low melting point which makes it very easy to cast. The material flows easily when melted and the resulting pieces are relatively strong. It’s also very easy to melt it back down to recycle it.

#12. TITANIUM.

Titanium is an important engineering metal due to its being strong and lightweight. It also has high thermal stability even at temperatures as high as 480 degrees Celsius. Due to these properties, it finds application in the aerospace industry.

Military equipment is one use case for this metal. Since titanium is also corrosion-resistant, medical applications also use it. Titanium is also used in the chemical and sporting goods industry.

This is a really amazing modern metal. It was first discovered in 1791, first created in its pure form in 1910, and first made outside of a laboratory in 1932.

Titanium is actually really common (the 7th most abundant metal on Earth), but it’s really hard to refine. This is why this metal is so expensive. It’s also really worthwhile:

Titanium is biocompatible, meaning that your body won’t fight and reject it. Medical implants are commonly made from titanium. Its strength-to-weight ratio is higher than any other metal. This makes it extremely valuable for anything that flies.

Titanium nitride (titanium that’s reacted with nitrogen in a high-energy vacuum) is an insanely hard and low-friction coating that’s applied to metal cutting tools. Titanium isn’t found naturally on its own. It’s always bonded to another element.

#13. TUNGSTEN.

Tungsten has the highest melting point and the highest tensile strength of any of the pure metals. This makes it extremely useful.

About half of all tungsten is used to make tungsten carbide. This is an insanely hard material that’s used for cutting tools (for mining and metalworking), abrasives, and heavy equipment. It can easily cut titanium and high-temperature superalloys.

It gets its name from the Swedish word “tungsten“, which means “heavy stone”. It’s about 1.7 times the density of lead. Tungsten is also a popular alloying element.

Since its melting point is so high, it’s often alloyed with other elements to make things like rocket nozzles that have to be able to handle extreme temperatures.

#14. NICKEL.

Nickel is a really common element that’s used all over. Its most common application is in making stainless steel, where it boosts the metal’s strength and corrosion resistance. Almost 70% of the world’s nickel is used to make stainless steel.

Interestingly, nickel only makes up 25% of the composition of the five-cent American coin. Nickel is also a common metal used for plating and alloying. It can be used to coat lab and chemistry equipment, as well as anything that needs to have a smooth, polished surface.

Nickel gets its name from medieval-era German folklore. Nickel ore looks a lot like copper ore, but when the old miners couldn’t get copper from it, they blamed a mischievous sprite named Nickel.

#15. COBALT.

Cobalt is a hard, silver-white metal. It is often used in alloys because it increases the strength and hardness of the metal. Cobalt is also used in making magnets and in electroplating.

Cobalt is a shiny steel-gray metal, relatively hard and brittle, similar to iron and nickel in hardness, tensile strength, mechanical properties, thermodynamic properties, and electrochemical behavior. The magnetism disappears when heated to 1150℃.

#16. TIN.

Tin is really soft and malleable. It’s used as an alloying element to make things like bronze (1/8th tin and 7/8ths copper). It’s also the primary ingredient in pewter (85-99%).

When you bend a bar of tin, you can hear something called a “tin cry”. This is a twanging sound of the crystal structure reorganizing itself (called twinning).

#17. LEAD.

Lead is really soft and malleable, and it’s also very dense and heavy. It’s got a really low melting point, too. Lead is a highly machinable, corrosion-resistant metal. Piping and paint represent some use-cases.

Lead was used as an anti-knocking agent in gasoline. Later, it was discovered that the byproduct of this lead was responsible for serious health complications.

Lead is still common in ammunition, car batteries, radiation protection, lifting weights, cable sheathing, etc.

In the 1800s it was discovered that lead is actually pretty toxic stuff. That’s why it’s not so common in modern times, although it wasn’t all that long ago that it was still found in things like paints and bullets.

Lead is a neurotoxin that can cause brain damage and behavioral problems, among other things.

That said, it still does have modern uses. For example, it’s great for radiation shielding. It’s also occasionally added to copper alloys to make them easier to cut. The copper-lead mix is often used to improve the performance of bearings.

#18. SILICON.

Technically speaking, silicon is a metalloid. This means that it has both metallic and non-metallic qualities. For example, it looks like metal.

It’s solid, shiny, bendable, and has a high melting point. However, it does a terrible job of conducting electricity. This is partly why it’s not considered a full metal.

Even still, it’s a common element to find in metals. Using it for alloying can change the metal’s properties quite a bit. For example, adding silicon to aluminum makes it easier to weld.

#19. CHROMIUM.

Chromium is a physically hard element after carbon and maybe a diamond. It is usually used as an alloy to improve the strength of other metals.

The metal has a high melting point which is approximately 2000 degrees Celcius. In terms of appearance, chromium has a unique reflection and can be used to improve the surface finishing of other metals.

#20. LITHIUM.

Lithium is categorized as a soft metal or a metal alkali group. It has a silvery-white luster that makes it look attractive. Lithium is used for improving the strength of glasses and ceramics.

#21. GOLD.

Gold is a precious metal that has been used for centuries to make jewelry, coins and other objects. It is rare, soft, malleable and does not corrode in the air.

Gold is a good conductor of electricity and heat. Gold is solid at room temperature, dense, soft, bright, corrosion resistant, and the most malleable metal.

#22. SILVER.

Silver is a precious metal that is similar to gold in many ways. It is rare, soft, malleable and does not corrode in the air. Silver is a good conductor of electricity and heat. However, it is not as good a conductor as gold.

Properties of Metals

Metals are lustrous, malleable, ductile, good conductors of heat and electricity. Other properties include:

• State: Metals are solids at room temperature with the exception of mercury, which is liquid at room temperature (Gallium is liquid on hot days).
• Luster: Metals have the quality of reflecting light from their surface and can be polished e.g., gold, silver and copper.
• Malleability: Metals have the ability to withstand hammering and can be made into thin sheets known as foils. For example, a sugar cube sized chunk of gold can be pounded into a thin sheet that will cover a football field.
• Ductility: Metals can be drawn into wires. For example, 100 g of silver can be drawn into a thin wire about 200 meters long.
• Hardness: All metals are hard except sodium and potassium, which are soft and can be cut with a knife.
• Valency: Metals typically have 1 to 3 electrons in the outermost shell of their atoms.
• Conduction: Metals are good conductors because they have free electrons. Silver and copper are the two best conductors of heat and electricity. Lead is the poorest conductor of heat. Bismuth, mercury and iron are also poor conductors
• Density: Metals have high density and are very heavy. Iridium and osmium have the highest densities whereas lithium has the lowest density.
• Melting and Boiling Points: Metals have high melting and boiling points. Tungsten has the highest melting and boiling points whereas mercury has the lowest. Sodium and potassium also have low melting points.

Classification Of Metals

Metals can be categorized according to their physical or chemical properties. Categories described in the subsections below include:

• Ferrous and non-ferrous metals.
• Brittle metals.
• Refractory metals.
• White metals.
• Heavy and light metals.
• Base, noble, and precious metals.
• Valve metals.

1. Ferrous And Non-Ferrous Metals.

Ferrous metals contain iron and non-ferrous metals do not. The more in-depth answer is that ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals each have their distinctive properties. These properties determine the applications they are most suited for.

Ferrous Metals

Pure Iron is of little use as an engineering material because it is too soft and ductile. When iron cools and changes from a liquid to a solid, most of the atoms in the metal pack, are tightly together in orderly layers.

Some, however. become misaligned, creating areas of weakness called dislocations. When a piece of iron is put under stress, layers of atoms in these areas slip over one another and the metal deforms. This begins to explain the ductility of soft iron.

By adding carbon to the iron, however, we can produce a range of alloys with quite different properties. We call these carbon steels. An alloy is a mixture of two or more chemical elements and the primary element is a metal.

Some common ferrous metals include alloy steel, carbon steel, cast iron, and wrought iron. These metals are prized for their tensile strength and durability. Ferrous metals are also used in shipping containers, industrial piping, automobiles, railroad tracks, and many commercial and domestic tools.

Ferrous metals have a high carbon content which generally makes them vulnerable to rust when exposed to moisture. There are two exceptions to this rule: wrought iron resists rust due to its purity and stainless steel is protected from rust by the presence of chromium.

Most ferrous metals are magnetic which makes them very useful for motor and electrical applications. The use of ferrous metals in your refrigerator door allows you to pin your shopping list on it with a magnet.

Related Articles:

• What is Ferrous Metal?
• What are The Non-Ferrous Metals?
• Where are metalloids located on the periodic table?
• What are the nonmetals in the periodic table?

Non-Ferrous Metals

Non-ferrous metals include aluminum, copper, lead, zinc, and tin, as well as precious metals like gold and silver. Their main advantage over ferrous materials is their malleability. They also have no iron content, giving them a higher resistance to rust and corrosion, and making them ideal for gutters, liquid pipes, roofing, and outdoor signs.

Lastly, they are non-magnetic, which is important for many electronic and wiring applications.

2. Brittle Metals

While nearly all metals are malleable or ductile, a few—beryllium, chromium, manganese, gallium, and bismuth—are brittle. Arsenic and antimony, if admitted as metals, are brittle. Low values of the ratio of bulk elastic modulus to shear modulus (Pugh’s criterion) are indicative of intrinsic brittleness.

3. Refractory Metal

In materials science, metallurgy, and engineering, a refractory metal is a metal that is extraordinarily resistant to heat and wear. Which metals belong to this category varies; the most common definition includes niobium, molybdenum, tantalum, tungsten, and rhenium. They all have melting points above 2000 °C and high hardness at room temperature.

4. White Metal

White metal is any range of white-colored metals (or their alloys) with relatively low melting points. Such metals include zinc, cadmium, tin, antimony (here counted as a metal), lead, and bismuth, some of which are quite toxic.

In Britain, the fine art trade uses the term “white metal” in auction catalogs to describe foreign silver items which do not carry British Assay Office marks, but which are nonetheless understood to be silver and are priced accordingly.

5. Heavy and Light Metals

Heavy metal is any relatively dense metal or metalloid. More specific definitions have been proposed, but none have obtained widespread acceptance. Some heavy metals have niche uses, or are notably toxic; some are essential in trace amounts. All other metals are light metals.

6. Base, Noble, And Precious Metals

In chemistry, the base metal is used informally to refer to a metal that is easily oxidized or corroded, such as reacting easily with dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) to form a metal chloride and hydrogen. Examples include iron, nickel, lead, and zinc. Copper is considered a base metal as it is oxidized relatively easily, although it does not react with HCl.

Rhodium, a noble metal, shown here as 1 g of powder, a 1 g pressed cylinder, and a 1 g pellet

The term noble metal is commonly used in opposition to base metal. Noble metals are resistant to corrosion or oxidation, unlike most base metals. They tend to be precious metals, often due to perceived rarity. Examples include gold, platinum, silver, rhodium, iridium, and palladium.

In alchemy and numismatics, the term base metal is contrasted with precious metals, that is, those of high economic value. A longtime goal of the alchemists was the transmutation of base metals into precious metals including such coinage metals as silver and gold.

Chemically, precious metals (like noble metals) are less reactive than most elements and have high luster and high electrical conductivity. The best-known precious metals are gold and silver.

While both have industrial uses, they are better known for their uses in art, jewelry, and coinage. Other precious metals include the platinum group metals: ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, and platinum, of which platinum is the most widely traded.

7. Valve Metals

In electrochemistry, a valve metal is a metal that passes current in only one direction.

List of Metals

This is a list of metals in order of increasing atomic number.

S.No	Atomic Number	Symbol	Metal Elements
1	3	Li	Lithium
2	4	Be	Beryllium
3	11	Na	Sodium
4	12	Mg	Magnesium
5	13	Al	Aluminum
6	19	K	Potassium
7	20	Ca	Calcium
8	21	Sc	Scandium
9	22	Ti	Titanium
10	23	V	Vanadium
11	24	Cr	Chromium
12	25	Mn	Manganese
13	26	Fe	Iron
14	27	Co	Cobalt
15	28	Ni	Nickel
16	29	Cu	Copper
17	30	Zn	Zinc
18	31	Ga	Gallium
19	37	Rb	Rubidium
20	38	Sr	Strontium
21	39	Y	Yttrium
22	40	Zr	Zirconium
23	41	Nb	Niobium
24	42	Mo	Molybdenum
25	43	Tc	Technetium
26	44	Ru	Ruthenium
27	45	Rh	Rhodium
28	46	Pd	Palladium
29	47	Ag	Silver
30	48	Cd	Cadmium
31	49	In	Indium
32	50	Sn	Tin
33	55	Cs	Cesium
34	56	Ba	Barium
35	57	La	Lanthanum
36	58	Ce	Cerium
37	59	Pr	Praseodymium
38	60	Nd	Neodymium
39	61	Pm	Promethium
40	62	Sm	Samarium
41	63	Eu	Europium
42	64	Gd	Gadolinium
43	65	Tb	Terbium
44	66	Dy	Dysprosium
45	67	Ho	Holmium
46	68	Er	Erbium
47	69	Tm	Thulium
48	70	Yb	Ytterbium
49	71	Lu	Lutetium
50	72	Hf	Hafnium
51	73	Ta	Tantalum
52	74	W	Tungsten
53	75	Re	Rhenium
54	76	Os	Osmium
55	77	Ir	Iridium
56	78	Pt	Platinum
57	79	Au	Gold
58	80	Hg	Mercury
59	81	Tl	Thallium
60	82	Pb	Lead
61	83	Bi	Bismuth
62	84	Po	Polonium
63	87	Fr	Francium
64	88	Ra	Radium
65	89	Ac	Actinium
66	90	Th	Thorium
67	91	Pa	Protactinium
68	92	U	Uranium
69	93	Np	Neptunium
70	94	Pu	Plutonium
71	95	Am	Americium
72	96	Cm	Curium
73	97	Bk	Berkelium
74	98	Cf	Californium
75	99	Es	Einsteinium
76	100	Fm	Fermium
77	101	Md	Mendelevium
78	102	No	Nobelium
79	103	Lr	Lawrencium
80	104	Rf	Rutherfordium
81	105	Db	Dubnium
82	106	Sg	Seaborgium
83	107	Bh	Bohrium
84	108	Hs	Hassium
85	109	Mt	Meitnerium
86	110	Ds	Darmstadtium
87	111	Rg	Roentgenium
88	112	Cn	Copernicium
89	113	Nh	Nihonium
90	114	Fl	Flerovium
91	115	Mc	Moscovium
92	116	Lv	Livermorium

FAQs.